What is primary ovarian insufficiency after cancer treatment?

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is when cancer treatment causes the ovaries to stop working properly. According to the National Cancer Institute, this changes hormone levels. It also changes how the ovarian follicles work, which affects egg release.

Sometimes women with POI still ovulate. They may have irregular or occasional menstrual periods after treatment. Other times the damage to the ovaries is permanent and early menopause follows. Some chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy can cause POI.

Symptoms of POI may be stronger than in natural menopause. They can include hot flashes and night sweats, and irregular or no periods. Other symptoms are vaginal dryness, trouble concentrating, mood changes, and sleep problems. Some women have joint and muscle aches or a loss of libido.

POI can also affect long-term health. The National Cancer Institute notes it may lower bone mineral density. It can weaken the bones, a condition called osteoporosis. It also raises the risk of heart and cardiovascular problems. This is one reason follow-up care matters. Your doctor can tell you what to expect from your own treatment, and what follow-up care can protect your health.